RWKV
Recurrent LLM architecture and open weights with constant-memory inference and GPT-style parallel training.
About
Where transformer LLMs keep a growing cache of past tokens, RWKV models carry a fixed-size recurrent state forward, so generation speed and memory stay flat no matter how long the context gets, while training still runs in parallel across a sequence. The seventh generation, nicknamed Goose, drops attention entirely and adjusts its state at every token, which the author frames as learning from context on the fly. The BlinkDL/RWKV-LM repository holds the reference training code, built on PyTorch, DeepSpeed, and custom CUDA kernels, whose default training config needs one GPU with about 7 GB of VRAM. Pretrained G1 weights from about 0.1B to 13.3B parameters, trained on multilingual web, code, synthetic, and reasoning data, are posted on Hugging Face and refreshed every few weeks. For inference there is the rwkv pip package, RWKV-Runner as a desktop GUI, the Ai00 server, community GGUF conversions, and mobile runtimes. Code and weights are Apache 2.0, so commercial use is fine, and the project belongs to LF AI and Data. Best for researchers probing attention alternatives and teams needing cheap long-context or batched inference.
Should you use RWKV?
Pick it when
Pick this when memory per token must stay constant, such as very long streams or many concurrent sessions on small GPUs, since RWKV needs no key-value cache, or when researching attention-free models at up to 14B.
Look elsewhere when
Skip it if you need peak quality or the broadest tooling: transformer families like Qwen or Llama dominate fine-tunes and serving support. For long context with some attention retained, Jamba's hybrid design is a middle path.
Alternatives to RWKV
- Mamba
Selective state space alternative with official CUDA kernels and wide hybrid adoption, but its checkpoints only reach 2.8B.
- Jamba
Hybrid that keeps attention layers alongside Mamba and MoE for 256K context, at a 12 GB VRAM floor versus RWKV's 4 GB.
- Qwen 2.5 / Qwen 3
Standard transformer with much wider runtime and fine-tune support, at the cost of a growing key-value cache on long inputs.
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Details
- Category
- Large Language Models (LLMs)
- Price
- Free
- Platform
- Local/Desktop
- Difficulty
- Intermediate (3/5)
- License
- Apache-2.0
- Minimum VRAM
- 4 GB
- Added
- Apr 3, 2026